Altaic etymology : Query result

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 284. See TMN 2, 596-601 (with a hopeless confusion of Turk. *top 'round thing', *toprak 'earth, dust' and *topɨk 'knee cap' - all of which have different etymologies). Cf. also *t`obú 'fruit, cone' (a different root, but a source of some contaminations).

Proto-Altaic: *t`óp`ú ( ~ -i̯u-)

Meaning: a k. of vessel

Russian meaning: вид сосуда

Turkic: *Topal

Mongolian: *tobid

Tungus-Manchu: *tupi ( ~ -ü-)

Japanese: *tú(m)púa

Comments: The root seems well reconstructable, although not very widely spread.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ̀ŕe

Meaning: law, regulation

Russian meaning: закон, правило

Turkic: *töŕ

Mongolian: *töre

Tungus-Manchu: *turgun

Japanese: *tǝ̀tǝ̀-nǝ̀p-

Comments: Turk. *törü 'law' is probably an old derivative of *töŕ: *törgü, with an early disappearance of *-g-: cf. Hung. törvény < Old Chuv., pointing to *-g-. Mong. *töre may be < Turk. (see TMN 1, 266), though not necessarily so.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ̀ri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be born, copulate

Russian meaning: рождаться, спариваться

Turkic: *töre-

Mongolian: *töre-

Tungus-Manchu: *tur-

Japanese: *tùrù-(m)p-

Comments: KW 407, Владимирцов 322, Дыбо 13. Mong. may be < Turk. (see Щербак 1997, 158).

Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ́ro(-k`V)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of bird

Russian meaning: вид птицы

Turkic: *torgaj

Mongolian: *turaɣu

Tungus-Manchu: *turākī

Korean: *tằrk

Japanese: *tǝ́rí

Comments: KW 402, АПиПЯЯ 70, 274, Дыбо 8, Martin 228, Лексика 176.

Proto-Altaic: *t`oru

Meaning: a k. of black berry

Russian meaning: вид черной ягоды

Turkic: *Tor-

Tungus-Manchu: *turi-

Korean: *tắrái

Japanese: *tuta

Comments: The precise berry denoted by the root is of course unknown (notice the meaning 'currants' in TM and Korean).

Proto-Altaic: *t`otá

Meaning: to run

Russian meaning: бежать

Tungus-Manchu: *tut[a]-

Korean: *tằd-

Japanese: *tanta-juap-

Comments: SKE 269. An Eastern isogloss. In Kor. cf. also tɨthɨi'ú- 'to move away, apart'.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṓk`i ( ~ -k-, -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to lie, deceive

Russian meaning: лгать, обманывать

Turkic: *Tȫkün

Mongolian: *togla-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. also WMong. toquɣu, Khalkha toxū `joke, jest', possibly derived from the same root and pointing to PA *-k`-. Not quite clear is the relationship to some scattered TM forms: Man. taqda- `to praise, be surprised at', Evk. takā- `to lie'.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṑle

Meaning: deep water, tide

Russian meaning: глубокая вода, прилив

Turkic: *tolku-

Mongolian: *tülki-

Tungus-Manchu: *tōlg-

Korean: *tór

Japanese: *tǝrǝ

Comments: The root should be distinguished from *dā́la 'wave, deep place', *čalu 'sea, to overflow' - although some contaminations were possible, especially in the Kor.-Jpn. area.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ōĺi ( ~ -e)

Meaning: breast

Russian meaning: грудь

Turkic: *dȫĺ

Tungus-Manchu: *tulu

Comments: A somewhat dubious Turk.-Tung. isogloss (with a secondary voicing *t- > d-), see Лексика 272.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṑlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: head

Russian meaning: голова

Turkic: *tul(g)uŋ

Mongolian: *tolugai

Tungus-Manchu: *tōl-po-

Korean: *tằikòr

Comments: Лексика 204. The Kor. word may be analysed as "bald"+"brain" (see *t`eŕo and *kèĺǯo), so it may be necessary to remove it from the etymology (although a folk-etymological reanalysis was certainly possible); if not, the PA reconstruction should rather be corrected to *t`ōjlu.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṑlV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to prop, push

Russian meaning: поддерживать, подталкивать

Turkic: *Tol-

Mongolian: *tula-

Tungus-Manchu: *tōlga-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṓŕe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: soil, dust

Russian meaning: земля, пыль

Turkic: *tōŕ

Mongolian: *tor-

Tungus-Manchu: *turV

Korean: *tɨ̀rɨ́

Comments: KW 405, АПиПЯЯ 19, 70, 91, 274 (but Jpn. *tùti should be rather attributed to PA *t`ḕŕù), Дыбо 11. Cf. Jpn. doro 'dirt' (PJ *tǝ̀rǝ̀; attested late and initial not clear). Contaminations with *t`ḕŕù were possible.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṓr[e]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: post, pole, tower

Russian meaning: шест, столб, башня

Turkic: *tȫr

Tungus-Manchu: *turu

Korean: *tàràk

Comments: Poppe 14, 79. In Kor. -ɨ- would be expected; -a- is possibly a result of vowel assimilation.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṓro

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be weak, hungry, unable

Russian meaning: быть слабым, голодным, не мочь

Turkic: *Tōr-

Mongolian: *tura-

Tungus-Manchu: *turku- / *turke-

Japanese: *tǝrǝ- ( ~ ua)

Comments: KW 411. Despite Щербак 1997, 159, hardly a borrowing in Mong. < Turk.